一、工作原理：压力平衡的智慧调控​

1、 Working principle: Intelligent regulation of pressure balance

减压阀的工作原理基于力的平衡和反馈调节机制。其内部核心部件包括阀芯、弹簧、膜片（或活塞）等。以常见的先导式减压阀为例，当介质流入阀门时，压力作用于膜片下方，同时弹簧产生向上的弹力。在初始状态下，弹簧力大于介质压力，阀芯处于关闭或部分开启状态。​

The working principle of a pressure reducing valve is based on force balance and feedback regulation mechanism. Its internal core components include valve core, spring, diaphragm (or piston), etc. Taking the common pilot operated pressure reducing valve as an example, when the medium flows into the valve, the pressure acts under the diaphragm, and the spring generates an upward elastic force. In the initial state, the spring force is greater than the medium pressure, and the valve core is in a closed or partially open state. ​

随着介质压力升高，膜片下方压力增大，当超过弹簧设定的压力值时，膜片向上变形，带动阀芯上移，阀门开度增大，更多介质通过阀门流出，使下游压力降低。同时，下游压力通过反馈通道作用于膜片，与弹簧力形成新的平衡，使下游压力稳定在设定值附近。当下游压力降低时，膜片在弹簧力作用下向下移动，阀芯下移，阀门开度减小，减少介质流出，从而维持压力稳定。

As the pressure of the medium increases, the pressure below the diaphragm also increases. When it exceeds the pressure value set by the spring, the diaphragm deforms upward, driving the valve core to move upward and increasing the valve opening. More medium flows out through the valve, causing downstream pressure to decrease. At the same time, the downstream pressure acts on the diaphragm through the feedback channel, forming a new balance with the spring force, stabilizing the downstream pressure near the set value. When the downstream pressure decreases, the diaphragm moves downward under the action of spring force, the valve core moves downward, the valve opening decreases, and the outflow of medium is reduced, thereby maintaining pressure stability.

二、安装要点：正确安装的关键要素​

2、 Installation points: key elements for correct installation

1.安装位置选择​

1. Installation location selection

减压阀应安装在水平管道上，且前后需保证一定的直管段长度，一般进口直管段长度不小于 5 倍管径，出口直管段长度不小于 2 倍管径，以确保介质流动稳定，避免因管道涡流影响减压效果。同时，要考虑便于操作和维护，预留足够的空间用于调节压力和检修阀门 。​

The pressure reducing valve should be installed on a horizontal pipeline, and a certain length of straight pipe section should be ensured before and after. Generally, the length of the inlet straight pipe section should not be less than 5 times the pipe diameter, and the length of the outlet straight pipe section should not be less than 2 times the pipe diameter to ensure stable medium flow and avoid the impact of pipeline eddy currents on the pressure reducing effect. At the same time, consideration should be given to ease of operation and maintenance, with sufficient space reserved for pressure regulation and valve maintenance. ​

2.管道清洁​

2. Pipeline cleaning

在安装减压阀前，必须对管道进行彻底清洁，清除管道内的铁锈、焊渣、泥沙等杂质，防止这些杂物进入减压阀内部，损坏阀芯、密封件等部件，影响阀门正常工作和使用寿命。​

Before installing the pressure reducing valve, the pipeline must be thoroughly cleaned to remove impurities such as rust, welding slag, and mud from the pipeline, to prevent these impurities from entering the interior of the pressure reducing valve, damaging components such as the valve core and seals, and affecting the normal operation and service life of the valve. ​

3.方向正确​

3. Correct direction

减压阀上通常标有介质流动方向箭头，安装时必须确保介质流动方向与箭头指示方向一致。若安装方向错误，不仅无法实现减压功能，还可能导致阀门损坏或系统故障 。​

Pressure reducing valves are usually marked with arrows indicating the direction of medium flow. When installing, it is necessary to ensure that the direction of medium flow is consistent with the direction indicated by the arrow. If the installation direction is incorrect, not only can the pressure reduction function not be achieved, but it may also cause valve damage or system failure. ​

4.配套设施安装​

4. Installation of supporting facilities

为便于观察和调节压力，减压阀前后应安装压力表；在减压阀出口管道上可安装安全阀，当减压阀出现故障导致下游压力异常升高时，安全阀自动开启泄压，保障系统安全；此外，还可根据需要安装旁通管道，以便在减压阀检修或故障时，通过旁通管道维持系统运行 。​

For the convenience of observation and pressure regulation, pressure gauges should be installed before and after the pressure reducing valve; A safety valve can be installed on the outlet pipeline of the pressure reducing valve. When the pressure reducing valve malfunctions and causes an abnormal increase in downstream pressure, the safety valve will automatically open to release pressure and ensure system safety; In addition, bypass pipelines can be installed as needed to maintain system operation during pressure relief valve maintenance or malfunction. ​

三、维护与保养：延长使用寿命的必要措施​

3、 Maintenance and upkeep: necessary measures to extend service life

1.定期检查​

1. Regular inspection

定期检查减压阀的密封性能，观察是否有介质泄漏现象；检查压力表读数是否正常，确保阀门处于正常工作状态。同时，查看阀门外观是否有腐蚀、变形等情况，若发现异常及时处理 。​

Regularly check the sealing performance of the pressure reducing valve and observe whether there is any medium leakage; Check if the pressure gauge reading is normal and ensure that the valve is in normal working condition. At the same time, check the appearance of the valve for corrosion, deformation, etc. If any abnormalities are found, they should be dealt with in a timely manner. ​

2.压力调节​

2. Pressure regulation

根据实际需求，定期对减压阀的压力设定值进行检查和调整。调整压力时，应缓慢旋转调节旋钮，避免压力突变对系统造成冲击。调节后，观察一段时间，确保压力稳定在设定值附近 。​

Regularly check and adjust the pressure setting of the pressure reducing valve according to actual needs. When adjusting the pressure, the adjustment knob should be slowly rotated to avoid sudden pressure changes that may cause impact on the system. After adjustment, observe for a period of time to ensure that the pressure stabilizes near the set value. ​

3.清洗与维修​

3. Cleaning and maintenance

定期对减压阀进行清洗，去除内部的杂质和污垢，防止阀芯卡滞、密封件损坏。若发现阀门出现故障，如压力调节失灵、泄漏严重等，应及时进行维修或更换部件。对于复杂的故障，建议由专业技术人员进行处理，确保维修质量 。​​

Regularly clean the pressure reducing valve to remove impurities and dirt inside, to prevent valve core jamming and seal damage. If a valve malfunction is found, such as pressure regulation failure, severe leakage, etc., it should be repaired or replaced in a timely manner. For complex faults, it is recommended to have professional technicians handle them to ensure the quality of maintenance. ​​

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