【阀门安装】①阀门的作用：阀门是用启闭管路，调节被输送介质流向、压力、流量，以达到控制介质流动、满足使用要求的重要管道部件。

　　【 Valve Installation 】 ① Valve Function: Valves are important pipeline components that use opening and closing pipelines to regulate the flow direction, pressure, and flow rate of the conveyed medium, in order to control the flow of the medium and meet usage requirements.

　　②阀门的类型和特点：供热管道工程中常用的阀门有：闸阀、截止阀、止回阀、柱塞阀、蝶阀、球阀、减压阀、安全阀、疏水阀及平衡阀等。

　　② Types and characteristics of valves: Commonly used valves in heating pipeline engineering include gate valves, globe valves, check valves, plunger valves, butterfly valves, ball valves, pressure reducing valves, safety valves, drain valves, and balance valves.

　　a.闸阀：闸阀是用于一般汽、水管路作全启或全闭操作的阀门。闸阀的特点是安装长度小，无方向性；全开启时介质流动阻力小；密封性能好；加工较为复杂，密封面磨损后不易修理。当管径大于DN50mm时宜选用闸阀。

　　a. Gate valve: A gate valve is a valve used for fully opening or closing general steam and water pipelines. The characteristics of gate valves are small installation length and lack of directionality; When fully open, the flow resistance of the medium is small; Good sealing performance; The processing is relatively complex, and the sealing surface is difficult to repair after wear. When the pipe diameter is greater than DN50mm, a gate valve should be selected.

　　b.截止阀：截止阀主要用来切断介质通路，也可调节流量和压力。

　　b. Globe valve: Globe valve is mainly used to cut off the medium passage, and can also adjust the flow rate and pressure.

　　截止阀的特点是制造简单、价格较低、调节性能好；安装长度大，流阻较大；密封性较闸阀差，密封面易磨损，但维修容易；安装时应注意方向性，即低进高出，不得装反。

　　The characteristics of globe valves are simple manufacturing, low price, and good regulating performance; Large installation length and high flow resistance; The sealing performance is worse than that of gate valves, and the sealing surface is prone to wear, but easy to maintain; During installation, attention should be paid to directionality, that is, low in and high out, and installation should not be reversed.

　　c.柱塞阀：柱塞阀主要用于密封要求较高的地方，使用在水、蒸汽等介质上。柱塞阀的特点是密封性好，结构紧凑，启闭灵活，寿命长，维修方便；但价格相对较高。

　　c. Piston valve: Piston valves are mainly used in places with high sealing requirements, and are used on media such as water and steam. The characteristics of plunger valves are good sealing, compact structure, flexible opening and closing, long service life, and easy maintenance; But the price is relatively high.

　　d.止回阀：止回阀是利用本身结构和阀前阀后介质的压力差来自动启闭的阀门，它的作用是使介质只做一个方向的流动，而阻止其逆向流动。按结构可分为升降式和旋启式，前者适用于小口径水平管道，后者适用于大口径水平或垂直管道。止回阀常设在水泵的出口、疏水器的出口管道以及其他不允许流体反向流动的地方。

　　d. Check valve: A check valve is a valve that automatically opens and closes by utilizing its own structure and the pressure difference between the medium before and after the valve. Its function is to allow the medium to flow in only one direction while preventing it from flowing in the opposite direction. According to their structure, they can be divided into lifting and rotating types. The former is suitable for small-diameter horizontal pipelines, while the latter is suitable for large-diameter horizontal or vertical pipelines. Check valves are permanently installed at the outlet of water pumps, the outlet pipeline of steam traps, and other places where reverse fluid flow is not allowed.

　　e.蝶阀：蝶阀主要用于低压介质管路或设备上进行全开全闭操作。按传动方式可分为手动、涡轮传动、气动和电动。手动蝶阀可以安装在管道任何位置，带传动机构的蝶阀，必须垂直安装，保证传动机构处于铅垂位置。蝶阀的特点是体积小，结构简单，启闭方便、迅速且较省力，密封可靠，调节性能好。

　　e. Butterfly valve: Butterfly valves are mainly used for fully open and fully closed operations on low-pressure medium pipelines or equipment. According to the transmission mode, it can be divided into manual, turbine transmission, pneumatic, and electric. Manual butterfly valves can be installed at any position in the pipeline, while butterfly valves with transmission mechanisms must be installed vertically to ensure that the transmission mechanism is in a vertical position. The characteristics of butterfly valves are small size, simple structure, easy and quick opening and closing, reliable sealing, and good regulating performance.

　　f.球阀：球阀主要用于管路的快速切断。主要特点是流体阻力小，启闭迅速，结构简单，密封性能好。球阀适用于低温(不高于150℃)、高压及黏度较大的介质以及要求开关迅速的管道部位。

　　f. Ball valve: Ball valves are mainly used for quick cutting of pipelines. The main features are low fluid resistance, rapid opening and closing, simple structure, and good sealing performance. Ball valves are suitable for media with low temperature (not higher than 150 ℃), high pressure, and high viscosity, as well as pipeline parts that require quick opening and closing.

　　g.安全阀；安全阀是一种安全保护性的阀门，主要用于管道和各种承压设备上，当介质工作压力超过允许压力数值时，安全阀自动打开向外排放介质，随着介质压力的降低，安全阀将重新关闭，从而避免管道和设备的超压危险。安全阀分为杠杆式、弹簧式、脉冲式。安全阀适用于锅炉房管道以及不同压力级别管道系统中的低压侧。

　　g. Safety valve; A safety valve is a type of protective valve mainly used in pipelines and various pressure equipment. When the working pressure of the medium exceeds the allowable pressure value, the safety valve automatically opens to discharge the medium outward. As the medium pressure decreases, the safety valve will close again to avoid the danger of overpressure in pipelines and equipment. Safety valves are divided into lever type, spring type, and pulse type. Safety valves are suitable for the low-pressure side of boiler room pipelines and pipeline systems of different pressure levels.

　　h.减压阀：减压阀主要用于蒸汽管路，靠开启阀孔的大小对介质进行节流从而达到减压目的，它能依靠自力作用将阀后的压力维持在一定范围内。减压阀可分为活塞式、杠杆式、弹簧薄膜式、气动薄膜式。

　　h. Pressure reducing valve: A pressure reducing valve is mainly used in steam pipelines to achieve pressure reduction by throttling the medium through the size of the valve opening. It can maintain the pressure behind the valve within a certain range by relying on its own force. Pressure reducing valves can be divided into piston type, lever type, spring diaphragm type, and pneumatic diaphragm type.

　　i.疏水阀：疏水阀安装在蒸汽管道的末端或低处，主要用于自动排放蒸汽管路中的凝结水，阻止蒸汽逸漏和排除空气等非凝性气体，对保证系统正常工作，防止凝结水对设备的腐蚀以及汽水混合物对系统产生水击等均有重要作用。常用的疏水阀有浮桶式、热动力式及波纹管式等几种。

　　i. Drain valve: The drain valve is installed at the end or lower part of the steam pipeline, mainly used to automatically discharge condensed water in the steam pipeline, prevent steam leakage, and eliminate non condensable gases such as air. It plays an important role in ensuring the normal operation of the system, preventing corrosion of equipment by condensed water, and preventing water hammer caused by steam water mixture on the system. The commonly used drain valves include floating bucket type, thermal power type, and corrugated pipe type.

　　j.平衡阀；平衡阀对供热系统管网的阻力和压差等参数加以调节和控制，从而满足管网系统按预定要求正常、高效运行。

　　j. Balance valve; The balance valve regulates and controls parameters such as resistance and pressure difference in the heating system pipeline network, in order to ensure that the pipeline system operates normally and efficiently according to predetermined requirements.

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